For as long as I can remember, ICANN has imposed a fee of $.18 for all domain name registrations and renewals. A retail domain registrar might charge $12 to buy a .com or .net domain name, but the buyer will be billed $12.18/year. This fee will increase to $.20/year on July 1, 2025. Notably, this fee is charged for gTLD registrations and renewals (like .com and .org) but not on ccTLDs (like .CO or .AI).
I haven’t received a notification from many registrars, but I received an email from Dynadot yesterday announcing the fee increase: